To make milk protein without cows, the company uses microbes programmed to produce the protein, a variation on the same process that is already used by other companies to make vitamins, probiotics, and ingredients like heme, which Impossible Foods uses to help give its plant-based burger the flavor of meat. Perfect Day calls its product “flora-based dairy protein”; the flora are the tiny organisms used to produce it. Being flora-based means that Perfect Day’s protein is vegan, lactose-free and hormone free. Because no animals are involved in the process, the protein is produced with less energy, less water, less greenhouse gas emissions, and without the use of factory farms.